Taimakawa Scroll.in Abubuwan tallafin ku: Indiya na buƙatar kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu kuma kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu suna buƙatar ku.
Jayaram Reddy da Hira Bano suna zaune a gefen manyan wuraren shakatawa na hasken rana guda biyu na Indiya - ƙauyukansu sun rabu da shingen shinge na waya da bango daga mil na shuɗi mai kyalli.masu amfani da hasken rana.
Kowace rana, suna farkawa zuwa tashar wutar lantarki da ke kofar gidansu kuma suna tunanin ko makomarsu za ta kasance mai haske kamar hasken rana - mahimmin tushen canjin Indiya zuwa makamashin kore don 'yantar da tattalin arzikinta daga dumama yanayi.
Bhadla Solar Park a arewa maso yammacin Rajasthan da Pavagada Solar Park a kudancin Karnataka - daya daga cikin manyan wuraren shakatawa na hasken rana a duniya tare da karfin megawatts 4,350 - an yi imanin su ne wuraren shakatawa na makamashi mafi sabuntawa a Indiya.Ƙarfin makamashi don cimma burin cimma burin 500 GW nan da 2030. Fiye da rabi yana fitowa daga makamashin hasken rana.
Fiye da nisan kilomita 2,000, Reddy da Barnes da Noble na daga cikin daruruwan makiyaya da manoma na yankin da aka nemi su auna fa'idar dajin mai amfani da hasken rana - ayyuka, asibitoci, makarantu, hanyoyi da ruwa - a madadin filayensu. dukan rayuwa.
Reddy, wani manomi mai shekaru 65, ya shaida wa gidauniyar Thomson Reuters a lokacin da yake zaune da abokansa a kauyen Vollur da ke kusa da Pavagada Solar, "An gaya mana cewa ya kamata mu gode wa gwamnati saboda zabar yankinmu don gina filin shakatawa na hasken rana." Park.” Sun yi nuni da amfanin noman da ba za a iya tantancewa ba, busasshiyar ƙasa da ƙarancin ruwan ƙasa, kuma sun yi alƙawarin cewa makomarmu za ta yi kyau sau 100 da zarar an haɓaka filin shakatawa na hasken rana.Mun yi imani da dukkan alkawuransu."
Sai dai masu binciken sun ce filin shakatawa na hasken rana mafi girma a Indiya ya gaza cika wadannan alkawurran, wanda ya haifar da zanga-zangar da kauracewa al'ummomin da ke kokarin kare ayyukansu, filaye da kuma makomarsu.
Dangane da nisantar mazauna, duka wuraren shakatawa na Bhadla da Pavagada suna zama gargaɗi ga wasu irin waɗannan ayyukan hasken rana guda 50 waɗanda hukumomin Indiya suka amince da su, wanda zai ƙara kusan GW 38 na jimlar ƙarfin da aka girka.
Jami'ai daga ma'aikatar sabunta makamashi ta tarayya ta Indiya sun dage cewa duk ayyukan da ake yi na hasken rana dole ne su tabbatar da cewa ba a shafan mutanen yankin ba kuma ba a shafa musu ababen more rayuwa.
Amma yayin da gwamnatocin jihohi ke aiwatar da manufofin hasken rana da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ke kashe miliyoyin kudi don gina masana'antu, duka biyun sun yi watsi da bukatun al'ummomin da ba a sani ba, ciki har da makiyaya da manoma masu karamin karfi, a cewar masu binciken.
"Ba a cika yin tuntubar al'ummomin da wuraren shakatawa na hasken rana ba ko sanar da su game da shirin ko tasirinsa," in ji wani mai bincike mai zaman kansa Bhargavi S Rao, wanda ya tsara kalubalen da ke fuskantar al'ummomin kusa da wuraren shakatawa na hasken rana a Karnataka.
"Gwamnati ta ce suna da haɗin gwiwa da al'umma," in ji ta. "Amma a zahiri, ba haɗin gwiwa ba ne daidai, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa mutane ke yin zanga-zangar ko kuma suna neman ƙarin."
Anand Kumar, mai shekaru 29, wanda ya mallaki masana'antar sarrafa ruwa a Pavagada, yana amfani da tasharsa ta YouTube a matsayin wani dandali don ilmantar da mazauna kauyukan da ke kusa da wurin shakatawa na hasken rana game da sauyin yanayi, makamashi mai tsafta da abin da ke faruwa a filin shinge mai girman eka 13,000.
"Muna zaune kusa da sanannen wurin shakatawa na hasken rana, amma babu wanda ya san ainihin abin da ke faruwa," in ji Kumar, wanda tasharsa ke da masu biyan kuɗi sama da 6,000.
Tsakanin faifan bidiyo na sayar da shanu, ayyukan al'adu da shawarwarin noma, Kumar ya yi hira da abokansa da ke aiki a matsayin masu gadi a wurin shakatawa na hasken rana, jami'ai suna bayanin samar da wutar lantarki da mazauna wurin da ke tattara bayanan halin da suke ciki.
"Za mu iya yin yaƙi dominsa ne kawai idan mun san abin da ke faruwa da kuma yancinmu," in ji shi.
Matasa 'yan mata a Bhadla, wadanda kuma suke son zama wani bangare na bunkasar hasken rana, sun yi kira da a sake bude makarantar kauyensu bayan shafe fiye da shekaru biyu a rufe.
Al’ummominsu sun yi asarar filaye mallakar gwamnati kusa da kan iyaka da Pakistan, inda suka yi kiwon dabbobi ga tsararraki, zuwa filin shakatawa na Solar Bhadla – inda ba su da damar yin aiki saboda rashin ilimi da fasaha.
’Yan matan da a da suka ji bacin rai a yanzu suna son yin karatu ta yadda za su samu ayyukan yi a wuraren shakatawa na hasken rana, burinsu ya samo asali ne daga bacewar hanyoyin gargajiya na samun abin dogaro da kai da kuma shiga sabuwar duniya ta ofisoshi inda mutane ke samun albashi duk wata.
“Idan ina da ilimi, zan iya yin aiki a wurin shakatawa na hasken rana.Zan iya sarrafa takardun a ofis, ko kuma in yi asusun ajiyar su,” in ji Barnes, ’yar shekara 18, wadda ta gama aji goma, tana zaune da kafafunta a cikin dakinta.” Dole ne in yi karatu ko kuma in yi rayuwata ta aikin gida. ”
Wata rana a rayuwar Bano da sauran 'yan matan Bhadla sun hada da yin aikin gida da kuma dinka tsumma a cikin darduma domin sadaki. Suna tsoron ganin uwayensu sun makale a rayuwar iyali.
"Akwai hani da yawa a wannan ƙauyen," Asma Kardon, 'yar shekara 15, ta rubuta a cikin wata makala ta Hindi, tana tuno bacin ran da ta yi a lokacin da makarantar ta rufe yayin da take shirin yin jarrabawar aji goma.
A lokacin hutun ruwa mai kyau, ta ce burinta kawai shine ta sake farawa darussa don ta cika burinta na dogon lokaci.
Pradip Swarnakar, kwararre kan manufofin sauyin yanayi da ke koyarwa a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kanpur ta Indiya, ya ce makamashin hasken rana "ana daukarsa a matsayin sacrosant a fagen makamashi mai sabuntawa" saboda tsafta ce, nau'in makamashi mai da'a.
Amma ga al’ummomi, in ji shi, ba kome ko suna da ma’adinan kwal ko kuma wuraren shakatawa na hasken rana a tsakanin su, yayin da suke neman rayuwa mai kyau, ingantacciyar rayuwa da samun wutar lantarki.
Coal ya kasance babban tushen makamashi a Indiya, yana da kashi 70% na yawan wutar lantarki da yake fitarwa, amma burbushin mai an san shi da gurbata ruwan karkashin kasa da iska da haifar da rikici tsakanin mutane da dabbobi.
Ba kamar hanyoyin da ba su lalace ba, gurɓatacciyar hanya, da fashe-fashen yau da kullun da ke lalata na'urori a cikin gidaje kusa da ma'adinan kwal, wuraren shakatawa na hasken rana suna aiki cikin nutsuwa, kuma santsin hanyoyin da ke kaiwa gare su suna da tsabta da iska.
Ga mazauna yankin, duk da haka, waɗannan fa'idodin sun mamaye su saboda asarar filaye da ayyukan yi da kuma ƙarancin sabbin ayyukan yi da ke da alaƙa da wuraren shakatawa na hasken rana.
A Badra, iyalai da suka gabata sun mallaki awaki 50 zuwa 200 da tumaki, da shanu da rakuma, da noma gero. A Pavagarda, ana girbi isassun gyada don baiwa dangi kyauta.
Yanzu manoma suna sayen amfanin gona da suke noma da kansu, suna sayar da dabbobinsu, kuma suna tunanin ko imanin da suke da shi na manyan ayyukan hasken rana don ci gaba da su bai dace ba.
"Ba a yi amfani da hasken rana da yawa ga mazauna yankin ba, har yanzu ba a kashe kudade don ci gaba a yankinmu, kuma matasa na ci gaba da yin hijira zuwa manyan biranen neman aikin yi," in ji manomi Shiva Reddy.
Ƙauyen Bhadla ya ga maza da yawa sun nufi Gabas ta Tsakiya don yin aiki lokacin da makiyayan suka dawo, yayin da aka buɗe ayyukan yi a lokacin gina wurin shakatawa na hasken rana a 'yan shekarun da suka gabata.
Amma lokacin da aka kusa kammalawa, mazauna yankin ba su da ilimin fasaha da ƙwarewa don samun ƴan guraben ayyukan yi a lokacin da wurin shakatawa ya fara aiki.
"Za mu iya gaya wa rakumi ɗaya daga wani ta hanyar raƙuman, ko kuma mu sami shanunmu ta hanyar karar kararrawa da aka daure a wuyansu - amma ta yaya zan yi amfani da waɗannan basira yanzu?"Shugaban kauyen Mohammad Sujawal Mehr ya tambaya.
"Manyan kamfanoni sun kewaye mu, amma kaɗan daga cikinmu ne kawai ke da ayyuka a can," in ji shi, yana mai cewa ko da matsayin tsaro a wurin shakatawa na hasken rana yana buƙatar karatun digiri na goma.
A halin yanzu hakar ma'adinan kwal da wutar lantarki na daukar ma'aikata kusan mutane miliyan 3.6 a Indiya, yayin da makamashin da ake iya sabuntawa yana daukar ma'aikata kusan 112,000 kawai, tare da adadin hasken rana ya kai 86,000.
Masu bincike sun kiyasta cewa nan da shekara ta 2030, wannan masana'antar da ke tasowa za ta samar da ayyukan yi fiye da miliyan 3 a cikin hasken rana da makamashin iska.Amma ya zuwa yanzu, dama ga yawancin mazauna ƙauyen sun iyakance ga ayyukan yau da kullum kamar tsaro, tsaftacewa.masu amfani da hasken ranada yankan lawn a wurin shakatawa ko tsaftace ofis.
"Tsaftataccen makamashi ba ya daukar ma'aikata 800 zuwa 900 kamar yadda masana'antar wutar lantarki ke yi, kuma wuraren shakatawa na hasken rana suna da mutane 5 zuwa 6 kawai a rana," in ji Sarthak Shukla, mai ba da shawara mai zaman kansa kan batutuwan dorewa."Ba ku buƙatar ma'aikata amma masu fasaha don gudanar da wurin shakatawa.Aikin gida ba shine USP don canjin makamashi mai tsabta ba. "
Tun 2018, Pavagada Solar Park ya haifar da ayyuka kusan 3,000 da 1,800 na dindindin a lokacin ginin.
"Waɗannan lambobin ba za su taɓa karuwa ba," in ji mai bincike Rao, yana mai lura da cewa kadada na gonaki yana tallafawa aƙalla rayuwa huɗu, yana nuna cewa an rasa ayyukan yi fiye da yadda aka ƙirƙira bayan filin shakatawa na hasken rana.
Lokacin da Karnataka ya fara tuntuɓar manoman Pavagada game da amfani da ƙasarsu don wuraren shakatawa na hasken rana shekaru shida da suka gabata, an riga an lalata ta da fari da kuma bashi masu tasowa.
RN Akkalappa yana daya daga cikin mutane kalilan da ke ba da hayar filinsa a kan tsayuwar hayar shekara, yayin da kuma yake samun aikin yi a wurin shakatawa saboda kwarewarsa ta hako motoci.
"Mun yi shakka, amma an gaya mana cewa idan ba mu amince da sharuddan ba, za a gina filin shakatawa na hasken rana a wani wuri," in ji shi."
N Amaranath, mataimakin babban manajan fasaha na Karnataka Solar Development Ltd, ya ce wannan tsarin na nufin manoman sun ci gaba da mallakar filayen.
Ya kara da cewa, "An san samfurin mu a duk duniya kuma ana daukar filin Pavagada Solar Park a matsayin nasara ta hanyoyi da yawa, musamman ta fuskar aiki tare da al'umma," in ji shi.
Koyaya, manomi Shiva Reddy ya ce barin ƙasarsa "zaɓi ne mai wahala" saboda samun kuɗin shiga bai biya bukatunsa ba.Za mu bukaci ayyuka, ”in ji shi.
Keshav Prasad, shugaban zartarwa na Saurya Urja, babban mai kula da wuraren shakatawa na hasken rana na Bhadla, ya ce kamfanin "yana da himma wajen inganta rayuwar rayuwa a kauyuka 60 da ke makwabtaka da shi".
Ciki har da al'umma shine babban alhakin kamfanonin hasken rana, in ji Prasad. Ya lura cewa Saurya Urja tana aiki da kuturun likitocin tafi-da-gidanka da likitocin dabbobi a kan ƙafafun, kuma ta horar da mutane kusan 300 a cikin aikin famfo, shigar da hasken rana da shigar da bayanai.
Duk da haka, tare da harajin hasken rana na Indiya a cikin mafi ƙanƙanta a duniya, kuma tare da irin waɗannan kudaden harajin za su kara faduwa yayin da kamfanoni ke yunƙurin cin nasarar ayyukan, matakan rage tsadar kayayyaki sun riga sun shafi ayyuka masu yawa.
A Pavagada, ana amfani da mutum-mutumi don tsaftacewamasu amfani da hasken ranasaboda suna da arha da inganci, hakan yana kara rage guraben aikin yi ga mazauna kauyuka, a cewar masu gudanar da wuraren shakatawa.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris-07-2022
